Essay on A Midsummer Nights Dream Comedy - 650 Words

A Midsummer Nights Dream Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream is a comedy that is full of mischief. Instead of having a main plot, it seems to be about random thoughts and emotions (much the same as dreams are). In fact, I have to wonder how much of the whole play is really supposed to be a dream Ââ€" as Puck even suggests toward the end of the play. There is no real protagonist to latch onto in this play, probably because there are three main groups of characters, but many people will find Puck to be the most interesting character. The whole play is based around Pucks antics, and he seems to be the plays main fool. In addition, it is he who sends everyone on hard (but funny) adventures. Puck is a fool in the true†¦show more content†¦Nevertheless, as Lysander comments, The course of true love never did run smooth. There seems to be several themes in A Midsummer Nights Dream. There is one going on that is about the troubles of love and passion - with all the wrong people. Another theme has to do with dreams. This dream theme started when Hippolyta said, Four days will quickly steep themselves in night; Four nights will quickly dream away the time. In addition, other characters talk about dreams when they are trying to explain things that have happened to them. I especially remember Nick Bottom using a few sentences about dreaming in this respect. Then there is also a theme about magic. This magic theme involves not only Puck with his love potion but also the magic of the fairies in the woods. A Midsummer Nights Dream is an enjoyable play. Although the plot (or lack of a plot) makes the play a little hard to follow in some places, most of the time it moves steadily through the different acts, which makes it easy to read. Nothing in the story is left hanging, and most of the conflicts are all fixed very quickly and magically. I especially like the way this play ended, with Puck encouraging the audience to think of the whole thing as a dream if they are offended by any part ofShow MoreRelatedA Midsummer Nights Dream as an Elizabethan Comedy Essay749 Words   |  3 PagesA Midsummer Nights Dream as an Elizabethan Comedy A Midsummer Nights Dream could have turned out as a tragedy; it can be compared to Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. Lysander and Hermia love each other but Egeus, Hermias father, wants her to marry Demetrius. This means they have to disobey Egeus and escape Athenian law to be able to marry. These are comparable characteristics of Romeo and Juliet, an Elizabethan tragedy. In Romeo and Juliet, Romeo, a MontagueRead MoreA Midsummer Night’s Dream: Puck, Bottom, and Dichotomy in Comedy821 Words   |  3 PagesAlthough Shakespeare wrote many well-received plays, A Midsummer Night’s Dream is one of the most popular by far, and its engaging love story and comedic tone are undoubtedly the biggest factors contributing to the production’s success. However, while the love square between the four young Athenians is the central plotline of the play, Shakespeare included many humorous elements that alter the story’s course drastically. The misunderstanding between Oberon and Puck over the Athenians accounts forRead MoreShakespeare’s play A Midsummer Night’s Dream is simply a lighthearted comedy of the follies and1100 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare’s play A Midsummer Night’s Dream is simply a lighthearted comedy of the follies and tribulations of love. It does however have quite a few more complexities that just that. The re lationships between all of the main characters serve to provide us with a glimpse of a deep dark truth hidden within the lighter side of the play. One way to find these deep dark truths of the characters is by analyzing the characters and their relationships. The characters that I will be analyzing are TitaniaRead MoreMidsummers Night Dream1004 Words   |  5 PagesHow does the ‘play within the play’ enhance your enjoyment of the rest of A Midsummer Night’s Dream? If not, why not? I would argue that A Midsummer Night’s Dream  is one of Shakespeare’s greatest comedies. Comedy is in abundance in A Midsummer Night’s Dream, especially in ‘the play within the play’. ‘The play within the play’ is a key characteristic in A Midsummer Night’s Dream and deserves a thorough analysis as it holds a tight link to the main plot of this play. This part of the play takes upRead MoreMidsummers Night Dream1017 Words   |  5 PagesHow does the ‘play within the play’ enhance your enjoyment of the rest of A Midsummer Night’s Dream? If not, why not? I would argue that A Midsummer Night’s Dream  is one of Shakespeare’s greatest comedies. Comedy is in abundance in A Midsummer Night’s Dream, especially in ‘the play within the play’. ‘The play within the play’ is a key characteristic in A Midsummer Night’s Dream and deserves a thorough analysis as it holds a tight link to the main plot of this play. This part of the play takesRead MoreDefining Nick Bottom in a Midsummer Night’s Dream Essay754 Words   |  4 PagesDefining Nick Bottom in A Midsummer Night’s Dream Perhaps one of William Shakespeares greatest plays of all time, A Midsummer Night’s Dream is a play intended to be watched, rather than read, with an imaginative mind. It is a play that is in the genre of romantic comedy. The romantic aspects of the play are made possible with the characters of Theseus and Hippolyta, Lysander and Hermia, Helena and Demetrius, and Oberon with Titania. However, the comedy that is involved in this masterpiece is mostlyRead More Comparing A Midsummer Nights Dream and Romeo and Juliet Essay1176 Words   |  5 Pagesanother, two stand out from the rest as sharing a great deal in common. Specific, solid parallels can be drawn between Shakespeares plays A Midsummer Nights Dream and Romeo and Juliet. The themes and characters are remarkably similar in many aspects. Firstly, both plays highlight the stereotypical young lovers - Hermia and Lysander in A Midsummer Nights Dream and Romeo and Juliet in Romeo and Juliet. Secondly, both plays are very ambigu ously categorized. By this I mean that each could have beenRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Twelfth Night 998 Words   |  4 Pagesmagical freedom that A Midsummer Night’s Dream encompasses. Mahood delves into the cultural significance of Puritanism early in the 17th century through the character of Malvolio. Although Twelfth Night is a comedy, the presence of morally strict Puritanism affects the lightness of the play. The Puritan Revolution took away the foolish fun and celebration in life. Mahood connects the cultural context with Malvolio’s objection of fun throughout the play. A Midsummer Night’s Dream is completely andRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream1474 Words   |  6 Pagesconsistent and underlying concept of romance in each of Shakespeare’s plays and related movies. For instance, one could look at the movies A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Shakespeare in Love. The latter follows the life of William Shakespea re himself, everything from his love affair with Viola de Lesseps to his creation of Romeo and Juliet. A Midsummer Night’s Dream, is one of the most famous plays of Shakespeare’s, revolving around the tumultuous relationships of four lovers, aided, and sometimes thwartedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream And Romeo And Juliet1502 Words   |  7 Pages The Shakespearean notion of comedy and tragedy have been interpreted by countless critics as absolute contradictions of one another. For instance, there is a belief that the everlastingly romantic tale of Romeo and Juliet is unambiguously a tragedy, just as A Midsummer Night’s Dream is undoubtedly a comedy. Each possesses separate, defining, characteristics which drastically alter the storyline of a play, and develop the end into either one of comedic proportion: in which there is the promise of

Mexican American War Essay - 4448 Words

Introduction/Background The Mexican American War began on April 25, 1846. The war lasted two years losing many men on both sides. The Mexican war was the third major fought by the United States. In 1810, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla triggers the beginning of Mexico’s fight for independence from Spain. Mexico gained its independence in 1821 after a long and bloody revolution against Spain. For Mexico, the war between them and the United States was a fight to keep their institutions and national integrity intact, to protect themselves from present and future aggressions by the Americans, but more than anything else, the war was a struggle for land. In the early days of the republic, most Americans made their living by farming, so in 1803†¦show more content†¦Later in the month, 30 more swam the river. They formed the nucleus of a unit in the Mexican army which was known as the â€Å"San Patricio Brigade.† These soldiers would fight alongside Mexico in the war†¦they were soon captured by the U.S forces and branded with a â€Å"D† pm their faces for deserter and hanged on the gallows. On April 11 the Mexican troops stationed at Matamoros had welcomed a new commander and 2,000 more soldiers. On May 8, the Mexicans were all along the enemy line. When the two armies were only half a mile apart, Mexico fired with their big guns and cannons. The Americans quickly attacked the Mexican front line. Hardly either side used their bayonets, knives or bare hands. General Taylor’s army fought several battles south of the Rio Grande. He captured the important city of Monterrey and defeated a major Mexican force at the Battle of Buena Vista in February 1847. President Polk remarked that he wanted, â€Å"a small war, just large enough to require a treaty of peace and not large enough to make military reputations. Scott and his army entered Mexico City on September 14, 1847. The fall of the Mexican capital ended the military phase of the conflict. President Polkâ⠂¬â„¢s goal was to create a threefold force: an â€Å"Army of the West,† to conquer New Mexico and California; an â€Å"Army of the Center,† to keep Chihuahua and northern Mexico under control; and an â€Å"ArmyShow MoreRelatedThe Mexican American War Essay1223 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States of America has been through many wars, wars concerning many things such as land oil, pride and respect. However, when the United States went to war with Mexico, it was planned over greed. The Mexican- American war was a war provoked by the United States, in efforts to expand the coasts of the country. Mexico was a small under privileged country who had previously to the war had already lost part of their country (Texas). Needless to say this war was cut throat and violent, it was howeverRead MoreThe Mexican-American War Essay870 Words   |  4 Pagesdisregard for the toll a war can take on human lives. When the Alamo was fought back in February 1836, it was about the indepen dence of Texas from Mexico. In retaliation of the death and destruction of human life, Sam Houston retaliated in April and killed 630 Mexican soldiers and took General Santa Anna prisoner (Tindall Shi, 2010). This was the start of the independence of Texas and the quest for annexation into the United States, which ultimately led to the Mexican-American War of 1846-1848. ThisRead MoreEssay on The Mexican-American War1466 Words   |  6 PagesThe Mexican-American war determined the destiny of the United States of America, it determined whether or not it would become a world power and it established the size of the United States of America. Perhaps the war was inevitable due to the idea of Manifest Destiny - Americans thought they had the divine right to extend their territory. The Mexican-American War started mainly because of the annexation of the Republic of Texas (established in 1836 after breaking away from Mexico). The United StatesRead MoreEssay The Mexican-American War1216 Words   |  5 PagesThe Mexican-American War. The Mexican-American war was a process of years of battles between the Mexicans and Americans but I think after this informational paper, you’ll seem to know a little bit more knowledge about it. How it all started, well in the beginning, the Americans and Mexicans both wanted to control Texas, but at the time it was a part of the Mexican territory, well soon enough Americans wanted control over it so badly that they started to travel into Texas’s land. Part of the reasonRead MoreCause Of The Mexican American War1864 Words   |  8 PagesThe Mexican-American war, also known as the Mexican war happened between 1846 and 1848 with the participants being United States of America and Mexico. Texas, previously a Mexican state, was the primary cause of the war. A series of disagreements had occurred between Texans and the Mexican government leading to Texas declaration of its independence in 1836. Later, Texas decided to join the United States as the 28th state and this infu riated Mexico. Additionally, border disagreements came up withRead MoreThe American Army in the Mexican War1085 Words   |  5 Pagesrepel invasions. This two level arrangement formed the basis of military establishment during the war. The U.S. army was not prepared for the war. The congress authorized 8613 men and officers for the war but, the actual number was fewer than 5500. Many regimental commanders entered before the War of 1812 but, were too elderly and infirm for an active duty. Looking at the poor state of army during the war, the Congress increased the number of private individual companies to hundred. This turned outRead MoreCompare and contrast the War of 1812 and the Mexican-American War.1456 Words   |  6 PagesThe War of 1812 and the Mexican-American War are two wars that physically appear two opposites. The War of 1812 involves plenty of naval battles and a few major land battles, while the Mexican-American War involves numerous land battles and few, if any, nava l battles. However there are numerous similarities. The War of 1812, The US saw Great Britain as a major problem because of their definition of contraband and the impressment of American sailors into the British Navy. And around this time theRead MoreMexican And Mexican Americans During The War Of Texas And The Wrongful1206 Words   |  5 PagesThe Unit explains the hardships many Mexican and Mexican Americans have carried and continue to carry till this day due to their ethnicity and roots. The inequality and struggles rooted from the invasion of Texas and the wrongful â€Å"won† over Mexican territory by the Euro-centric American who then expanded their border down south unjustly colonizing the Northwest of Mexico. Along with land many Mexicans who resided in this land were now living in among a strange new government and environment thatRead MoreMexican American War And The Mexican War1380 Words   |  6 PagesThe Mexican American war better known as the Mexican war, was a conflict between The united states of America an d Mexico. from 1846 to 1848. It followed in the wake of the 1845 US annexation of Texas, which Mexico considered part of its territory, despite the 1836 Texas revolution. After its independence in 1821 and brief experiment with monarchy, Mexico became a republic in 1824, characterized by considerable instability, so that when war broke out in 1846, Mexico was ill-prepared for this conflictRead MoreEssay about The Mexican War as an Exercise in American Imperialism1152 Words   |  5 PagesThe Mexican War as an Exercise in American Imperialism The US government believed firmly in the doctrine of Manifest destiny, the government argued that they had the right and duty to expand through North American because it was necessary and inevitable. During the 19th century Mexico dominated a large amount of North America which was inhabited by American settlers and the American government aimed to expand the USA from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and were

Night Creature Dark Moon Chapter Four Free Essays

The force of the explosion sent us both to the ground. Through some acrobatic maneuver, Nic managed to cover my body with his. Debris rained everywhere. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Creature: Dark Moon Chapter Four or any similar topic only for you Order Now My ears rang. I thought I’d gone deaf until I realized the wolves were howling right next to my head. Nic eased off me. â€Å"What was that?† I sat up, staring at the flaming compound. â€Å"My guess is a really big bomb.† â€Å"Bomb?† He leaped to his feet. â€Å"What makes you think a bomb?† â€Å"You’re the hotshot FBI agent. What does that look like to you?† â€Å"Gas explosion?† â€Å"If we had any gas out here. Electricity fired this place. And last time I checked, electricity doesn’t cause fiery, explosive death.† He peered at his suddenly dirty shoes for several ticks of the clock, then offered me a hand. â€Å"You’re right.† Since touching him was a stupid idea and kissing him had been an even worse one, I got up on my own. When I touched people, bad things happened. I contemplated the heat and the flames. Really bad things. The building was little more than a flaming crater. The guard was dead. I wasn’t sure about the werewolves in the basement. Burning the bodies after they’d been shot with silver left ashes, but would a firebomb kill a werewolf? I didn’t have a clue. A chill came over me that had nothing to do with the wind. What if Billy were alive? I swayed and almost fell. What if he were alive and free? Nic, who’d been creeping closer to the blaze, hurried to my side and clutched my elbow. â€Å"Are you dizzy?† I closed my eyes on another cheery thought. Not only did I have to worry about Billy, but my notes, my serum, the antidote were gone. â€Å"Elise, you’d better sit down again.† I shook Nic off, took a deep breath, let it out slowly, then took another. â€Å"My work,† I managed. â€Å"Everything was inside.† He blinked, glanced at the compound, then at me. â€Å"You must have it backed up off-site.† True. However, I didn’t know where that somewhere was. Only Edward did, and he was in Wisconsin. â€Å"You don’t?† Nic’s voice was incredulous. â€Å"Yes, of course. But there were things in there I’m going to need.† I glanced at the sky, contemplating the lopsided, three-quarter moon. Soon. Nic patted his pocket, and a bewildered expression crossed his face, followed almost immediately by a dawning understanding. â€Å"Left my cell in the car.† Dazed, I followed him around the crackling building to the front parking lot. He stopped walking, and I ran into his back. â€Å"Uh-oh,† he muttered. Leaning to the side, I saw the problem. The cars were on fire, too. â€Å"I guess that makes sense,† Nic said, almost to himself. â€Å"This kind of damage, usually a car bomb.† I guess he should know. â€Å"How many vehicles were supposed to be in this lot?† he asked. I glanced at the piles of fiery metal and counted. â€Å"One less than we’ve got.† His lips tightened. â€Å"Doesn’t really tell us all that much, but I can get someone here who can. Got a phone?† â€Å"In my office.† â€Å"Great.† He scrubbed his fingers through his hair, leaving a few strands standing on end. If he hadn’t been six-three and about two-twenty, he would have looked like a little boy with cowlicks. As it was, I found myself charmed far beyond what was good for me. â€Å"This makes no sense,† he continued. â€Å"Why would anyone want to blow up a medical research facility?† Since we were a lot more than that, there were quite a few people, and nonpeople, too, who would love to blow J-S headquarters to hell and gone. Not just the building, either, but me, Edward, and any other agents they could take out in the process. We didn’t need the FBI here. Lord knows what else they might uncover when they started sifting through the rubble. If I could get to a phone ahead of Nic, Edward would take care of the cover-up. A cool wind sifted through the trees, bringing with it the scent of winter. We’d been lucky so far; it was November and we’d only had a dusting of snow. I glanced to the west where dark clouds billowed on the horizon. That was about to change. Something cracked and fell inside the smouldering crater, the sound echoing through the forest. A wolf yipped, beyond the fence, not one of mine, and I started to get nervous about being in the open without a gun. â€Å"Where’s the nearest town?† Nic asked. â€Å"Sixty miles, give or take.† His stare was blank. He couldn’t get his mind around the concept. â€Å"Where do you live?† I pointed to the flames. â€Å"You live and work here?† â€Å"There isn’t anywhere else.† Besides, I worked all the time. Why bother to rent elsewhere, even if it was safe to do so? Sure, sometimes I left the compound, even the state, on special orders from Edward. But once those orders were completed, I hurried back and disappeared once more behind the locked doors. â€Å"What about groceries, clothes†¦ ?† He spread his big hands wide. â€Å"Stuff and junk?† â€Å"Supplies arrive twice a month.† He opened his mouth, then shut it again, and his eyes narrowed. â€Å"There’s more to this place than medical research, isn’t there?† I didn’t answer. In the end, I didn’t have to. A shadow scooted behind a tree at the edge of the parking lot. I turned that way, wishing like hell I’d brought my gun. Nic had one, but without silver bullets it wouldn’t do much good against most of the things that were after me. Still†¦ I reached for Nic’s arm, planning to ask for his weapon, or at least tell him to pull it out, and the shadow shimmered, almost taking form, before blending into the half-darkness once again. Curious, I let my hand drop and took a step toward the trees. A sound came from the woods, one I’d heard only a few times before. However, when dealing with gunshots, once is more than enough. I yanked Nic with me to the ground. The bullet whistled through the air where our heads had been, then thunked into something solid on the other side of the parking lot. I glanced at Nic. He had a Glock in his hand, and I hadn’t even seen him move. Impressive. â€Å"Where did that come from?† he asked. â€Å"There.† I pointed to the tree where I could have sworn I saw the shape of a human being – except in my world, they might not be human anymore. If Billy was alive, he wouldn’t bother with a gun. He had so many better weapons in his arsenal. Besides, Billy was the kind of guy who liked to get his hands, as well as his fangs, dirty. Nic made a move to get up, and I pulled him down. â€Å"I don’t think so.† â€Å"I’m not going to be a sitting duck. I’ve got a gun, too.† Which wouldn’t do him a bit of good when shooting at a werewolf. The conundrum made me hesitate long enough for Nic to slip out of my reach. Instead of running into the woods, he stared at me with narrowed eyes. â€Å"Who did you piss off, Elise?† â€Å"Me? Who says they weren’t trying to kill you?† His eyes widened. Guess he hadn’t thought of that. Nic lifted the leg of his slacks and handed me a .38 from the ankle holster. â€Å"I’ll be right back.† He headed into the forest. When no shots were fired, I concluded that whoever had been there was gone. I inched across the parking lot, avoiding the burning piles of metal that had once been cars. Gauging the trajectory from the tree where I’d seen the shadowy figure, to the area where we’d been standing, then beyond, I was able to find the bullet embedded in a smoldering signpost. The spent ammo looked like any other. However, my fingers burned the instant I brought them close to the bullet. The reaction could have been from the continuing heat of the fire, except it wasn’t. The bullet was silver. â€Å"Huh,† I murmured as I drew back my hand. â€Å"Guess they were after me.† How to cite Night Creature: Dark Moon Chapter Four, Essay examples

Purpose of Alternative Dispute Resolution ACAS

Question: Evaluate the purpose of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) and, with particular reference to the services provided by Acas, assess to what extent it is a successful means of resolving disputes outside the formal judicial process? Answer: Alternative dispute resolution can be termed as a process of resolving disputes without walking into the way of litigation. If the parties to the dispute are in agreement with the award of the alternative dispute resolution then no public court may disregard the award presented or neither they will question the validity of ADR. It is a new process of dispute resolution where the process takes place outside the court. There are two most popular process of dispute resolution, namely arbitration and mediation. Disputes are resolved through negotiations at the very first attempt. In the process of alternative dispute resolutions an arrangement is created between the parties to meet each other and take voluntary initiatives to settle the disputes among themselves. The main objective and also the benefit of this form of dispute resolution is that it allows the parties to the dispute to reach an amicable settlement through negotiations (Atlas, Huber and Trachte-Huber, 2000). The process of mediation is also regarded as a type of alternative dispute resolution, where there remain mediators, who are regarded as trained individuals and are efficient in conducting negotiations. The mediators are responsible for arranging a meeting between the parties who are in dispute with each other to settle their disputes and the mediators also takes the responsibility to reach an amicable settlement of disputes among the parties. There are a long range of cases where the settlement of the disputes is done through mediation. Disputes involving investors and stock brokers are generally settled through mediations (Ware, 2001). Arbitration is considered another process of dispute resolution, which is regarded as process of trial which is simple in nature and involves regulations relating to evidence which in a simplified form. An panel of arbitrators, known as arbitral panel helps in conducting and completing an arbitration panel. The arbitral panel is constructed by the selection of a single arbitrator through mutual consent or through the selection of arbitrators from both ends who will conduct the process of arbitration among the parties. On the completion of the arbitration process the arbitrators or arbitrator provide award, which the decision and if both parties to the conflict are in agreement with the award presented by the arbitral panel then the award becomes binding (Davidson, 2000). The main purposes of alternative dispute resolution process are to reach a settlement of disputes without the help of the judicial mechanism and also to utilize various methods, which are informal in nature and are related to the judicial mechanisms (Dickinson, 2014). The purposes of alternative dispute resolution also include settlement of disputes through certain independent process that form part of the alternative dispute resolution process such as mediation processes and ombuds offices (Freeman, 1995). The purposes of the alternative dispute resolution process is regarded as beneficial as the ADR helps in settling disputes in a faster way, it is also regarded as a processes which is cheaper in nature, ADR processes helps in identification of practical solutions to the problems, for settling disputes through ADR the parties are not required to fulfill numerous formalities. The ADR process calls for an amicable solution of the disputes among the parties to the disputes this helps in settling the disputes in an easier way without moving to the court and expending huge fees for trial and at the same time this process helps in maintaining good relationship among the parties as they negotiates with each other (Bevan, 1992). In this regards it is important to mention the dispute resolution services provided by Acas to maintain employee relations within a concern. At present the cases of employee disputes are higher in number and it has been found that bigger issues are created by smaller conflicts in the workplace and that has become curse for numerous organizations as those conflicts give birth to bigger disagreements among the employee groups or between the employee and the employer groups (Hayford, 2000). This judicial processes of resolving such disputes are time consuming and costly in nature as huge expenses of litigations are incurred by different organizations. Acas plays a major role in settling those disputes through independent and confidential ways and the same will also promote healthy employee relations. Acas has been successful in providing alternative dispute resolution services and controlling conflicts successfully for a long time and it also fetches information, guidance and training t hat are effective in eliminating any further issues. Moreover, Acas provides advisory services to the management of various concern regarding tackling disputes before they become industrial conflicts, Acas arranges meetings for employees and their employers and also provides essential services to different companies that will lead them to detect issues and mitigate them immediately (Hooker, Usher and Robinson, 2007). Acas settles two different types of disputes namely, individual disputes and collective disputes. Acas provides guidelines and solutions to cases that would otherwise have been filled in the court of law. Acas provides early reconciliation services to help those cases solve without undergoing any time consuming and costly judicial process. And the parties can avail the services of Acas till the case is filled with the employment tribunal. It helps in settling the disputes quicker and with lesser cost. Acas provides the services relating to reconciliation to both the parties to the dispute, where the conciliators being an independent individual collects the opinions of both sides relating to the dispute and help them in reaching a solution. The parties to the conflict can file the same for reconciliation with Acas before lodging the case to the employment tribunal, Acas takes the responsibility to provide early reconciliation services for a period that can be extended up to a month. T here remains a limitation relating to the time of filling the case with the employment tribunal but when the same is lodged with Acas for early reconciliation the limit gets paused. On the completion of the process regarding early reconciliation Acas provides a certificate to both the parties that contain a number (Brenninkmeijer, 2006). Acas also provides services for settling collective disputes. Collective disputes can be regarded as a situation where there is a conflict existent between employee and employer groups. Acas helps in these situations to resolve the issues between different groups. Reconciliation services by Acas staff who is experienced in this field and the conciliator acts as an independent third party and considers the opinions provided by both the employer and the employee representative and helps to find out the pros and cons relating to the conflict and thereby enabling both the parties to reach an amicable solution (Grenig, 2005). Acas mostly provides conciliation services for settling collective issues relating to pay, restructuring of businesses, terms etc. Acas helps in solving collective disputes in two different ways, namely, collective arbitration and collective mediation. While conducting collective arbitrations it enables the different parties to the conflict to provide their consent relating to reference for arbitration and at the same the procedure for conducting the arbitration will also be cleared to the parties, Acas takes the responsibility to appoint an independent arbitrator who will provide the arbitral award to the parties in dispute with 21 days of the hearing (Fellas, 2011). Acas helps in solving disputes among different parties who lacks solution for such disputes through the process of collective mediation also. This is regarded as an entirely voluntary process and is kept confidential. The mediator appointed by Acas takes the initiative to undergo a discussion with the parties to the dispute to identify the main issues and enables the parties to grab a clear understanding relating to the issues and also communicates the ways to solve such issues (Mele, 2011). While resolving issues among different parties Acas remains impartial and the services can only be offered to different parties if they both generates an opinion to undergo the process of resolution. the conciliation services offered by Acas to settle varied types of disputes is entirely based on the impartiality and ability to maintain confidentiality of Acas (Mele, 2011). Explain why European Union law takes precedence over domestic law in the United Kingdom. European Union law is regarded as supreme to the laws prevailing in the member states. The EU law precedes the provisions of the constitutional law of its member states and any provision relating to the law prevailing in the member states which are in contradiction with the law of EU will be disregarded straight away (Horspool, 2006). There are numerous cases that has helped to establish the fact that the EU law precedes the laws relating to the member states. It was found in the case of International Handelsgesellschaft case that the provisions of EU law are supreme to the law relating to Germany. Germany is one of the member states of the European Union, an issue evolved that indicated conflict between the community law and the constitutional law in Germany. The verdict given by the German Court was not to involve the laws relating to European Union (Kaczorowska, 2009). In contrary the European Court of Justice fetched its verdict against the German Court and declared that there is no authority of any national court belonging to a member state to review the laws of European Union. And it also declared that no constitution relating to any member state has the authority to assess the validity of the laws relating to European Union. Another case projected the supremacy of the EU laws over the laws relating to the member states can be regarded as the case of Simmenthal. In this case the ECJ stated the doctrine of Direct effect of the provisions of the laws relating to European Union upon its member states is an independent source of rights and it should not be dominated by the provisions of any domestic law relating to any member state. This case was regarding the disputes between the Italian government and the legislations relating to the European Union. It was held in this case that where the provisions of domestic law of any member state are in contradiction with the laws relating to the European union such laws must be repealed (Berry, Hargreaves and Berry, 2007). The reason behind this as regarded by the European Court of Justice is that all the member states should be viewed equally in this matter and it is also the essence of joining the European Union by the different member states (Chalmers and Szyszczak , 1998). It was made clear that in order to maintain uniformity among the member states the laws of European Union should lie supreme to the laws relating to its member states. The same thing is applicable in the case of UK also and it was found in another case, which was the case of Factortame (No 2), where it was held by the European Court of justice that it will be the responsibility of a national court to disregard any national law which is inconsistent with the legislations of EU. The case is a land mark case as it has established the fact that the doctrine of Parliamentary sovereignty will not be effective in case of legislations relating to EU. The above cases simply established the fact that the EU legislation stand superior to any other domestic or national laws relating to any member state. The above cases also projected the declaration of doctrine of Direct effect and it also stated that such powers have been transferred by the member states by entering into agreement to join the European Union that makes its laws supreme. Had there been a constitutional treaty the laws of EU would not have been supreme over the constitutional laws of the member states. Declaration (No. 17) of the Lisbon treaty once again established the fact relating to the supremacy of the EU laws. It stated that the EU law will prevail if it is conflict with any domestic or constitutional law relating to any member states (Busby and Smith, 2008). However it can be said that the erstwhile European parliament through the European Communities Act had restricted the right of future parliament in an indirect way to override its provisions, though it is fact that any later act of parliament which has been enacted can override any act that was formulated previously either expressly or impliedly. As per the theory provided by the English Constitutional lawyer, Dicey, a previously enacted act of parliament can be changed by any future act formulated by future parliament. UK formed a part of the European Union in the year 1950 and the European Community Act 1972 gave effect to the duties and obligations of UK voluntarily under the then community and now the same is being performed by the treaties of European Union under the national law. The erstwhile European Communities Act agreed the fact that UK and ECA have intense legal relationship and the same enabled the European Union to form a part of the national law. This clearly states th at the European Communities Act acted as a protection covering the parliamentary sovereignty of UK (Jacobs, Corbett and Shackleton, 1990). UK is a dualist state that implies that no teraties as implied by the government is able to change the laws relating to the state and the same can be done if such treaty is incorporated in the national law. But on the other hand the EU law states that the laws relating to European Union that are believed to have a direct effect, such as regulations and articles relating to the EU treaties will stand incorporated in the national law automatically (Wall, 1973). While there are laws that are not directly applicable to the national law, for those treaties the parliament is provided with power to consider such provisions may or may not be made by the act of parliament. However the case of 'Metric Martyrs' has made us understood that the laws of EU are not incorporated in the national law of UK. Lord Justice Laws made it clear in this case that the ECA does not give power to the Court of Justice or any institutions of EU to question the legislative supremacy of the parliament. It was also held in this case that the European Communities Act is a constitutional statute that cannot be changed by any further statutes impliedly. The relationship between UK and the EU is formed on the basis of the national laws (Brautigam, 2007). References Atlas, N., Huber, S. and Trachte-Huber, E. (2000). Alternative dispute resolution. Chicago, Ill.: Section of Litigation, ABA. Berry, E., Hargreaves, S. and Berry, E. (2007). European Union law. Oxford [England]: Oxford University Press. Bevan, A. (1992). Alternative dispute resolution. London: Sweet Maxwell. Brautigam, T. (2007). European Union Law. European Journal of International Law, 18(2), pp.377-378. Brenninkmeijer, A. (2006). Effective resolution of collective labour disputes. Groningen, The Netherlands: Europa Law Publishing. Busby, N. and Smith, R. (2008). Core EU legislation. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Chalmers, D. and Szyszczak, E. (1998). European Union law. Aldershot [u.a.]: Dartmouth [u.a.]. Davidson, F. (2000). Arbitration. Edinburgh: W. Green. Dickinson, D. (2014). Alternative dispute resolution. izawol. Fellas, J. (2011). International arbitration, 2011. New York, N.Y.: Practising Law Institute. Freeman, M. (1995). Alternative dispute resolution. New York: New York University Press. Grenig, J. (2005). Alternative dispute resolution. [St. Paul, Minn.]: Thomson/West. Hayford, S. (2000). Alternative dispute resolution. Business Horizons, 43(1), pp.2-4. Hooker, H., Usher, T. and Robinson, D. (2007). Acas helpline survey 2007. [London]: Acas. Horspool, M. (2006). European Union law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Jacobs, F., Corbett, R. and Shackleton, M. (1990). The European Parliament. Boulder: Westview Press. Kaczorowska, A. (2009). European Union law. Abingdon, Oxon [England]: Routledge-Cavendish. Mele, C. (2011). Conflicts and value co-creation in project networks. Industrial Marketing Management, 40(8), pp.1377-1385. Wall, E. (1973). European Communities act 1972. London: Butterworths. Ware, S. (2001). Alternative dispute resolution. St. Paul, Minn.: West Group.

chapter 1 Essay Example

chapter 1 Essay CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Siopao is one of the dish that the Filipinos adopted from the Chinese and it became very popular and a favourite among many Filipino. Siopao is also called Salapao in Thailand, Baozi in China, Pau in Hongkong, or simply known as Steamed buns in English. Siopao is one of the Filipinos favourite snacks or meals. It does not require utensils to eat and it can be consumed on the go. That is one of the reasons Siopao can easily found on the sidewalk at vendors or eatery. Siopao is a Filipino steamed bun with savory meat filling. It is a larger version of Chinese dumplings. Traditionally, the two kinds of siopao flavor are asado and bola-bola. Other kinds can be made, and the fillings for siopao are limitless. Asado siopao is made with pork or beef cooked in soy sauce and seasonings. Bola- bola siopao is made with pork and Chinese sausage, which are baked with egg and flour. The dough is made from rice flour. Asado is the most popular kind, and can be found in the Philippines at both street vendors and restaurants. The convenience of being able to eat this dish with one hand is part of its appeal. Asado siopao is made ith pork or beef cooked in soy sauce and seasonings. We will write a custom essay sample on chapter 1 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on chapter 1 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on chapter 1 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Bola-bola siopao is made with pork and Chinese sausage, which are baked with egg and flour. The dough is made from rice flour. Asado is the most popular kind, and can be found in the Philippines at both street vendors and restaurants. The convenience of being able to eat this dish with one hand is part of its appeal. Baozi is thought to date back to the Three Kingdoms period in China, which lasted from 220 to 265 A. D. According to legend, Zhuge Liang invented this food in the shape of a human head as an offering when his roops came down with the plague. This food was originally called mantou, which means flour-head. It is still called this in some parts of Southern China, but it is mostly called baozi now. The basic baozi idea was brought to the Philippines by an immigrant named Ma Mon Luk. He was poor but had the knowledge of the foods he grew up with, including baozi. Soon he began selling food in the streets. He eventually got a small restaurant and became very popular. Samples were given out door to door, and he gave free food to disaster victims and politicians. In northern China, steamed buns are still known as mantou, the original name. They are made with wheat flour instead of rice flour. Mantou are not always filled, and may be deep fried and dipped in sweetened condensed milk. Japanese steamed buns are known as nikuman. These are similar to siopao, made often with a pork filling. predominantly, the Siopaos dough is made out of wheat flour or rice flour, the proponents wants to introduce the potato as a new ingredient in making Siopao. Potato is the most widely grown vegetable and one of the most important foods. Potatoes have a high nutritional value and are grown in most countries. Potatoes are prepared in various ways baked, boiled, French-fried and mashed potato powder, solid matter starch makes up about 85 percent of the solid material, and most of the rest is protein. Potatoes contain many vitamins, including niacin, riboflavin, thiamine, and vitamin C. they also contain such minerals as Calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorous, potassium, sodium, and sulfur. Whether it is mashed, baked or made into French fries, many people often think of the potato as a comfort food. This entiment probably inspired the potatos scientific name, Solanum tuberosum, sincesolanum is derived from a Latin word meaning soothing. The potatos name also reflects that it belongs to the Solanaceae family whose other members include tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, and tomatillos. There are about about 100 varieties of edible potatoes. They range in size, shape, color, starch content and flavor. They are often classified as either mature potatoes (the large potatoes that we are generally familiar with) and new potatoes (those that are harvested before maturity and are of much smaller size). Some of the popular varieties of mature potatoes include the Russet Burbank, the White Rose and the Katahdin, while the Red Lesoda and Red Pontiac are two types of new potatoes. There are also delicate fingerling varieties available which, as their name suggests, are finger-shaped. The skin of potatoes is generally brown, red or yellow, and may be smooth or rough, while the flesh is yellow or white. There are also other varieties available that feature purple-grey skin and a beautiful deep violet flesh. As potatoes have a neutral starchy flavor, they serve as a ood complement to many meals. Their texture varies slightly depending upon their preparation, but it can be generally described as rich and creamy. Back when I was in the Philippines this was one of my favorite snacks or meals. It does not require utensils to eat and it can be consumed on the go. Thats one of the reasons Siopao can easily be found on the sidewalk at vendors or eateries (Turo-Turo). References: Book of knowledge: The Children Encyclopaedia, vol. 17 pg. 6095-6096 The World Book Encyclopaedia, vol. 15 p. 715 www. wisegeek. com/what-is-siopao. htm

Free Essays on The Winnipeg General Strike

In the Canadian labour movement’s long and continuing history of struggles to establish its trade-union rights, no episode was more spectacular, explosive or meaningful than the Winnipeg General Strike of 1919. General strikes by definition involve working-class confrontations with authority and produce a massive disruption of society while paralysing economic life. They are â€Å"cataclysmic events [and] by their nature, unlikely to be created in a day.†1 The Winnipeg General Strike had many roots, including class polarization, working conditions and socialist ideas. The labour relations conflict was compounded during World War I and intensified when the war ended. On May 15, 1919, the labour conflict reached its climax as the whole productive life of the city ground to a halt and thousands of workers joined the union members in walking off their jobs, commencing the General Strike. In many ways Winnipeg was at war with itself. The city was divided socially, economically, geographically, and ethnically. 2 While labour and business battled for power, there was also an ethnic prejudice problem that plagued the city. Winnipeg was divided into two main groups: people of British origin and the more recent immigrants (who were labelled aliens), who were mostly from Eastern Europe. These immigrants inhabited the area north of the CPR rail tracks, which provided not only a physical division between the rich and the poor, but also an â€Å"ethnic schism.†3 In fact â€Å"in the areas largely populated by immigrants from central Europe, overcrowding, illiteracy, crime and seasonal unemployment rule[d].†4 Even the most skilled workers were affected. Despite the fact that they generally had better paying jobs than the unskilled workers, they still had to compete with child labour and did not have control over wages. Many of the recent immigrants from Britain ex perienced the working-class uprisings in the industrial revolution and brought with them ... Free Essays on The Winnipeg General Strike Free Essays on The Winnipeg General Strike In the Canadian labour movement’s long and continuing history of struggles to establish its trade-union rights, no episode was more spectacular, explosive or meaningful than the Winnipeg General Strike of 1919. General strikes by definition involve working-class confrontations with authority and produce a massive disruption of society while paralysing economic life. They are â€Å"cataclysmic events [and] by their nature, unlikely to be created in a day.†1 The Winnipeg General Strike had many roots, including class polarization, working conditions and socialist ideas. The labour relations conflict was compounded during World War I and intensified when the war ended. On May 15, 1919, the labour conflict reached its climax as the whole productive life of the city ground to a halt and thousands of workers joined the union members in walking off their jobs, commencing the General Strike. In many ways Winnipeg was at war with itself. The city was divided socially, economically, geographically, and ethnically. 2 While labour and business battled for power, there was also an ethnic prejudice problem that plagued the city. Winnipeg was divided into two main groups: people of British origin and the more recent immigrants (who were labelled aliens), who were mostly from Eastern Europe. These immigrants inhabited the area north of the CPR rail tracks, which provided not only a physical division between the rich and the poor, but also an â€Å"ethnic schism.†3 In fact â€Å"in the areas largely populated by immigrants from central Europe, overcrowding, illiteracy, crime and seasonal unemployment rule[d].†4 Even the most skilled workers were affected. Despite the fact that they generally had better paying jobs than the unskilled workers, they still had to compete with child labour and did not have control over wages. Many of the recent immigrants from Britain ex perienced the working-class uprisings in the industrial revolution and brought with them ...

Payroll questions assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Payroll questions - Assignment Example Claiming these tax credits will save the taxpayer hundreds of dollars when doing their income taxes. Whereas lieu in notice is more like compensatory damages where there is a breach of contract, the working notice is considered as an implied term in the contract of employment. The lieu of notice, in addition, will make it harder for the employee to find alternate employment (Opie 33). Legislated notice of individual termination requirements in Quebec differ from those in Manitoba in that a minimum notice period of 2 weeks is required where an employee in Quebec is employed for 1 to 5 years, while in Manitoba the same period is required but for employees working for 1 to 3 years (Opie 35). There are benefits to including the payroll in collective agreement negotiations for unionized organizations in that it will provide for payroll deductions of fair share payment, labor organization dues, assessments, and initiation fees (Opie 49). In case the collective agreement is either terminated or continues beyond its expiration date prior to negotiating a successor agreement, the employer will continue to abide by and honor any dues deductions contained in the previous agreement. This will avoid cases where employees wish to revoke unilaterally deductions when the collective agreement expires (Opie 49). The employer in Alberta is responsible solely for personal information under their control or custody, while an employer in British Columbia would be responsible for personal information under their control, which also includes personal information not in their custody (Opie 61). In addition, an employer in British Columbia is required to avail information to the public regarding the position title of all employees delegated under subsection (4) or designated under subsection (3) and contact information for employees indicated in paragraph (a) (Opie 63). This is not required for employers in

Statutory Interpretation and the Human Rights Act of 1998 Essay

Statutory Interpretation and the Human Rights Act of 1998 - Essay Example According the research findings Mr. Mendoza’s application for statutory tenancy on grounds of discriminatory violation of his Convention Rights under Article 14 and Article 8 on the basis of his sexual orientation, had been allowed in the lower Courts. The European Convention guarantees fundamental human rights, including the right to privacy and freedom of sexual orientation. Any interference by public authorities therefore constitutes a violation of fundamental human rights and the right to privacy. Mr. Mendoza contended that the House of Lords should exercise its interpretative power to read and give effect to Para on statutory rights to make it compatible with Convention rights that guarantee fundamental human rights, including succession rights, which prohibit discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation. This essay declares that the Court upheld the decision on Mr. Mendoza’s statutory rights of tenancy, since Article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights mandates that â€Å"the enjoyment of the rights and freedoms† in the Convention be secured â€Å"without discrimination.† In the case of Karner v Austria, the European Court held that there had been a violation of Article 14 of the Convention taken with Article 8, since the appellant was discriminated on a tenancy issue on the basis of his sexual orientation. Therefore, applying Parliament legislation under the Rent Act of 1977, discriminatory aspects prohibited under Convention rights were applicable to Mendoza.

Motivation Theories in Organizational Behavior Assignment

Motivation Theories in Organizational Behavior - Assignment Example A person will be motivated to satisfy needs at the lowest level before focus shifts to needs at the next level. The levels are physiological security, affiliation, esteem, and self-actualization needs. An employee, according to the theory, is for example motivated by need for food and shelter but these cease to be motivators once their needs are met. Job security and social ties then becomes motivators as the employee progresses in work (Koontz, 2009). McClelland’s learnt needs theory explains that three needs, that people learn from their environments are motivators. These are need to attain desired objectives, need for interpersonal relations, and need for power. The notion that promotion can grant a person authority and connection with people from a higher circle in a profession may for example motivate an employee into hard work (Lunenburg and Ornstein, 2011). According to the theory, a person is motivated by four factors, singularly or in combination. The factors are drive to acquire, bond, learn, and defend. The drive to bond may for example motivate teamwork for interpersonal relations among team members (White, 2006). Vroom’s expectancy theory establishes a link between goals and means of achieving the goals towards motivation. According to the theory, people realize motivation into objectives if the cost of achieving the objective is justified and if available means to the objective promises success. An employee may for example be motivated into further training towards promotion if necessary resources are worth the promotion and if the training actually promises probability of the targeted promotion (Condrey, 2010). Adam’s equity theory explains motivation from input-output perspective. According to the theory, an individual is motivated if the perceived input in a venture is equivalent to perceived output. This means that a manager is motivated when he is convinced of efficiency in his efforts (Lussier and Achua,

Asymmetry and Polymorphism of Hybrid Male Sterility

Asymmetry and Polymorphism of Hybrid Male Sterility Kimberly Woosley Critical Review: Asymmetry and Polymorphism of Hybrid Male Sterility During the Early Stages of Speciation in House Mice In this study, the researchers sought to determine the genetic cause of male sterility in house mice when there was interbreeding among different but related species. The researchers took two breeds of two species of house mice, musculus and domesticus, and cross-bred wild-type with classic inbred type, from the laboratory, and wild-type with wild-type. They then conducted several generations of directional and reciprocal crosses and compared body weight, testis weight, motility and sperm count. These data were analyzed to determine sterility in the male offspring of the F1 generations. The researchers crossed same species but different breed mice as a control for the expected F1 offspring fertility. They then did eight crosses of the different breeds varying the maternal and paternal parentage. After all crosses were complete they let the mice grow to maturity at approximately 60 days. The researchers weighed the mice, they then dissected them to get the weight of the testes and used histology to examine the seminiferous tubules and spermatogenesis to determine sterility. The results of their study showed a decrease in fertility of the hybrid mice except for when a domesticus female was mated with a musculus male. In those two crosses, the hybrids showed similar or increased body weight, testes weight, motility, and sperm count when musculusPWK was the paternal mate regardless of which breed of domesticus was used. In the other six crosses, the F1 offspring all had decreased testes weight, decreased sperm count, and no motile sperm. The researchers then crossed the F1 males of the intrabred domesticusLEWES x WSB with the musculusPWK female and the F1 males of the intrabred musculusPWK x CZECH with the domesticusLEWES. Comparing the two, the researchers noted when the female domesticusLEWES was mated with the male musculus with only half the genes coming from musculusPWK the F1 males still showed an increase in testes weight and sperm count over the musculusPWK female from the first cross. Their results showed that there is a combination of genetic factors at play and that the musculus X chromosome has a large effect on the fertility of the F1 generations. The results varied in some crosses indicating that other loci were involved in the interference of spermatogenesis. However, they were unable to determine exactly which genes were epistatic on male reproductive growth and fertility. They did use their finding to infer polymorphism on autosomal traits when combined with some X, Y traits in certain breed crossings. The researchers acknowledge that this study was fixed on male sterility and did not take into account female sterility or decreases in immune function that could also lead to reproductive isolation. The conclusions drawn by the researchers is valuable for further research into the genetic makeup of which genes are interacting or epistatic on the fertility of hybrid species. Scientists could take the study deeper in an effort to isolate the genes involved and determine which are responsible for speciation in the wild. Overall, this was an excellent article, the authors explained the data clearly and used previous research to back up their hypothesis. The authors broke down each aspect of X-linked, Haldanes rule, D-M incompatibility, and polymorphism as it pertained to their results showing how their study supported previous results and could lead to future explanations of speciation. Reference Good, J., Handel, M., Nachman, M. (2007). Asymmetry And Polymorphism Of Hybrid Male Sterility During The Early Stages Of Speciation In House Mice. Evolution, 62(1), 50-65. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00257.x

Tolerance in the Middle Ages :: essays research papers

The issue of toleration has and always will be a strong and influential topic among peoples of all ethnic and culture backgrounds. The same is true for the issue of religious toleration, in the case being between the Jews and the Christians in Medieval Europe. It is argued between R. Menahem ha-meir and Katz that the word toleration is not simply an explanation of the times, but rather a false impression of the truth. The truth in this case being, that the Jews and Christians wanted isolation and separatism from each other while at the same time being able to co-exist together in their respective societies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By looking at the Katz text, it is plain to see that his main argument on the topic of religious toleration is that these two groups of people in this time period did indeed desire separation and exclusiveness from each other. The problem that stemmed from this isolation was the difficulty in making everyday life work for both religious groups while at the same time keeping them apart from one another as much as possible. Furthermore, we see the struggle defined by Katz which describes the Jews and the difficulty they faced in translating their ancient texts to every day life scenarios. Much of what was written in the Aggadah and the Halakha was not always applicable to these past every day situations, so we begin to see a redefining and stretching of the sayings in the ancient text and the politics of the time in order to better suit the people and not disrupt the economy, society, etc. For example, we see the Jews now being able to represent themselves in court because of the new technicality which allows the oath to be taken. It is now allowed because the Christian taking the oath is swearing on a ?composite? God and more technically, a piece of paper which the Jews do not recognize as true authority (The Gospels). This shows how the social realities had changed and how the Jews had adapted to the situations by not getting rid of the text, but by instead articulating the text while maintaining exclusiveness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the other hand, R. Menahem ha-meir says in his article that toleration needs to be understood contextually, as in Katz?s work, however he also stresses that the need for the isolation and separation should be looked at strictly in its historical environment along with the already specific religious assumptions that the Christians and Jews have towards one another.

How Artists Represent the World Essay

Abstract artists have been greatly criticized and underestimated for their lack of culture and sophistication produced in their artwork. Interpreting, reading and deriving meaningful, useful information from abstract art requires the highest level of creative skills, and the most developed and trained imaginations. Learning how to perceive messages from art takes just as many years of conscious effort as the traditional forms of education. As a result, art perception is not a significant part of formal education, dismissing art’s literacy’s importance as requiring a special â€Å"gift. † The Beginning, painted by Barnett Newman, appears to be very simple, basic, nothing more than colorful lines pasted against a blue background. â€Å"His (Newman’s) paintings can seem to be barely doing anything at all, and yet, given time and attention, they reveal depths and subtleties of immense power. â€Å"(Denny, 2002) The Beginning clarifies the underlying patterns and natural order of life sciences, shows the invisible connections from the sky to the ocean, and forever creates new life’s beginnings. The Beginnings is an image of a crystal ball used as a window for scrying into the ocean, and eventually seeing a mirroring effect of reality. All artwork, including abstract and surrealism, created only from imagination is a window to look into reality. â€Å"Alberti, in his De pittura (1435), harnessed the technique of perspective to the theory that painting is an imitation of reality. He viewed the picture plane as a window through which one looks at the visible world. † (â€Å"Perspective,† 2007) Realism art is a mirror image reflecting tangible existing objects. Realism art is definite, showing what the artist actually sees as he or she is making up the painting. Abstract art is a lot more complexed, but is still realistic. One of abstract art’s significant contributions is clarifying the underlying patterns, and the natural order of universal life, forcing deeper parts of the imagination that normally go unused to be activated. Using imagination to interpret art helps us to understand the facts that are hidden from us. Abstract paintings are nothing more than a mixture of colors. â€Å"Whitehead systematically elaborates in his imposing Process and Reality (1929), going so far as to suggest that process, rather than substance, should be taken as the fundamental metaphysical constituent of the world. † (Irvine, 2003) Barnett Newman’s abstract, The Beginning, background color is apparently early morning sky blue or a blue sea. Metaphysically, the sea and the daybreak sky symbolizes new beginnings. The sky represents a new day, everything pertaining to the sea or water symbolizes a new life, translating into life as having constant new beginnings, reflecting a reality we can never touch. Reality is constantly moving and changing. The sky and the sea also symbolizes movement. Using the alleged symbology of the colors and the name of the art as windows, we understand Newman’s interpretation of realism, or actual visual images of the reality of life occurring in nature. The structure or underlying pattern of the atmosphere’s progressions can be viewed in The Beginning. â€Å"Chaos theory reveals an underlying pattern and order that is hidden in natural phenomena that before were considered to be merely random. † Peirce, 1996 Assuming the light blue dominating most of the abstract represents the sky or the sea, and the alleged symbols represent the beginning of a new eternity, Newman is implying that this is the hidden underlying basis of what everyone thought had no beginning, such as lightning falling from the sky. Looking at the painting right side up, lightning bolts are coming from the sky in unusual colors. To the center left at the very bottom is a splash of darker blue upon impact of the lightning bolts hitting the sea. The lightning bolts are in red, yellow and white offset colors. Between the red and white lightning bolts, a blue lighting bolt is coming down, but does not have enough power or force to complete the journey. The lightning bolt blending in with the background spatial point stops before reaching its destination. â€Å"It would be a mistake to think of a spatial point as being anything more than an abstraction; instead, real positions involve the entire series of extended volumes. † (Irvine, 2003) The lightning bolt unable to reach its destination can also be the beginning of a pattern of sequential events. The white lightning bolt is the most powerful or forceful object in the painting. A light red line runs down the center of the white lightning bolt, making the loudest splash into the sea. Then the pattern starts over. To the left is the weakest lightning bolt. Angling from the upper left corner is a vivid red appearing to ending up in front of the splash where the white bolt hit. To the far right is the yellow lightning bolt, perhaps starting its own pattern of sequential events of connecting life between the sea and skies. â€Å"Studying the process of art can provoke the beast and initiate the journey within. † (Lodato-Suppa, 1996) Barnett Newman was famous for painting colorful bands calling them zips on sky blue canvases. It appears like there was nothing to it. (Ned Denny). Visualizing art is the same thing as listening to or composing music. The impact of art speaking directly to the subconscious is so powerful the mind is completely overtaken by its presence. Music and painting selections incorporated into everyday life should be taken with great caution because of it’s powerful effect on the mind. Interpreting art is a tool guiding us individually on life’s journey. References Hall, D. , Mills. , H (1996) The Society for the Advancement of Creative Scientific Thinking Society Charter Retrieved March 15, 2008 http://ibiblio. org/scst/charter. html Irvine A. D. (2003) Alfred North Whitehead Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Retrieved Retrieved March 15, 2008 Newman, Barnett. (2007). In The Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed. ). New York: Columbia University Press. Retrieved March 15, 2008, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=112876047 Contemporary Art. (2007). In The Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed. ). New York: Columbia University Press. Retrieved March 15, 2008, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=112853364 Perspective. (2007). In The Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed. ). New York: Columbia University Press. Retrieved March 15, 2008, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=112879220 Denny, N. (2002, October 7). Nothing to It: Ned Denny Discovers Great Depths and Subtleties in Emptiness. New Statesman, 131, 40+. Retrieved March 15, 2008, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5000662917 Lodato-Suppa, P. (1996). Awakening Picasso Learner/teacher as Artist. Education, 117(1), 106+. Retrieved March 15, 2008, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5000436049

Example Sentences of the Verb Drink for ESL

Example Sentences of the Verb Drink for ESL This page provides example sentences of the verb Drink in all tenses including active and passive forms, as well as conditional and modal forms. Base Form drink / Past Simple drank / Past Participle drunk / Gerund drinking Present Simple He usually drinks four glasses of water a day. Present Simple Passive Water is drunk at meals. Present Continuous She is drinking a gin and tonic. Present Continuous Passive The new wine is being drunk by customers. Present Perfect Peter has drunk three glasses of water this afternoon. Present Perfect Passive All the juice has been drunk. Present Perfect Continuous I have been drinking juice all morning. Past Simple Jack drank a glass of apple juice. Past Simple Passive A glass of apple juice was drunk by that customer. Past Continuous She was drinking some water when the man bumped into her. Past Continuous Passive Water was being drunk when they opened the wine. Past Perfect We had drunk all the water before the order arrived. Past Perfect Passive All the water had been drunk before the order arrived. Past Perfect Continuous We had been drinking our beverages for ten minutes when he finally arrived. Future (will) She will drink orange juice. Future (will) Passive Wine will be drunk by the customers at table six. Future (going to) We are going to drink French wine with our meal. Future (going to) Passive French wine is going to be drunk by the customers at table six. Future Continuous This time tomorrow we will be drinking a nice cold cocktail. Future Perfect He will have drunk three bottles by the end of the evening. Future Possibility He might drink juice. Real Conditional If he drinks wine, I will drive home. Unreal Conditional If he drank wine, I would drive home. Past Unreal Conditional If he had drunk wine, I would have driven home. Present Modal I should drink some tea. Past Modal You should have drunk some milk to calm your stomach. Quiz: Conjugate With Drink Use the verb to drink to conjugate the following sentences. Quiz answers are below. In some cases, more than one answer may be correct. He usually _____ four glasses of water a day.She _____ a gin and tonic at the moment.Peter _____ three glasses of water this afternoon.I _____ juice all morning.A glass of apple juice _____ by that customer.We _____ all the water before the order arrived.She _____ orange juice.We _____ French wine with our meal.If he _____ wine, I would drive home.She _____ some water when the man bumped into her. Quiz Answers drinksis drinkinghas drunkhave been drinkingwas drunkhad drunkwill drinkare going to drinkdrankwas drinking

a doll house drama analysis Essays

a doll house drama analysis Essays a doll house drama analysis Paper a doll house drama analysis Paper Essay Topic: A Dolls House A Dolls House Drama Analysis Kshana pressley Northwest Mississippi Community College Introduction During the nineteenth century, many restrictions and limitations were place on women in society. Marital roles, social roles, and work roles were very different for women during the nineteenth century than they are today (Hartman, 1999). Henrik Isbens playwright, A Doll House, actively voices women rights many years ago. The marital life Nora Helmer is portrayed throughout the play, conveying subordination, condemnation, sacrifice, and inequality that women felt from men in the roles that hey were expected to accept and play in a very conventional society. During the 19th century, men were thought to be superior, while women as inferior beings (Barksdale, 2012). Nora Helmer The plays main character, Nora Helmer depicts women behavior during the nineteenth century. In the beginning of the play Nora seems to portray to the image of most women during her time. She is very submissive and obedient to her husband, Torvald. Nora leads a double life in the play as a sheltered wife of an attorney and an independent risk taker, At first, Nora seems happy and affectionately esponds to Torvaldss teasing. However, this is Just an act of Nora Helmer that we all later discovered. During the nineteenth century, women could not conduct business affairs and had no control over family finances (Hartman, 1999). Permission to do so was sought from the husband before doing such acts. Nora, the little featherbrain, a nickname given by her Torvald was Just the opposite of that (Isben, 1879). She defied most of the rules. She ate macaroons and lied about it to her husband. She secretly forged her fathers signature, borrowed money without her husbands ermission, and boasted about it to her friend, Mrs. Linde (Isben, 1879). She was secretly proud of the sacrifice that she had made for her husband. However, Nora perception of her husband was totally out of place. When Torvald found out about Noras secret loan, he becomes disgusted with her (Isben, 1879). She realized that her husbands devotion was false. As a result, Nora leaves behind her husband and children to find herself. During the nineteenth century, it was unheard of for women to leave their husband and children in search of a new life (Hartman, 1999). Nora defied the odds. Mrs. Christine Linde During the nineteenth century, single women had more freedom than married women. They earned their own money, despite Jobs being limited and not well paying tor women at the time (Barksdale, 2 However, they earned it and they controlled their own finances. The Jobs that women performed were described as not interesting and not very challenging. This was the case for Mrs. Linde. Perhaps, this is why Mrs. Linde felt empty inside (Isben, 1879). Also, during the nineteenth century, women were expected to play sacrificial roles. Isben portrays such a role in Ms. Lindes character. Mrs. Linde made sacrifices for her family. She married to take care of her ailing brothers and mother. This was truly a sacrifice for Ms. Linde as she married a man whom she did not love. Krogstad, her true love, abandoned so that she could take care of her family. Torvald Helmer Men were the dominant partner in the relationship during the nineteenth century. Men were superior and often shunned women (Barksdale, 2012). As mentioned earlier, the men were the breadwinners and controlled the finances. Torvald Helmers certainly portrayed this image well as he always used the word little to describe his wife. He was an overbearing husband that viewed himself as the intellectual and emotional superior in the marriage. Torvald never considered Nora as his equal in the relationship. He often treated his wife, Nora, as a child- wife (Isben, 1879. Hypocrisy is a flaw of Torvald. He claims that he devoted to Nora and tells her l will protect you like a hunted dove and that he will guide through the perils of the world (Isben, 1879). However once Nora secret is exposed, Torvald is anything but Noras hero. Nils Krogstad During the nineteenth century men had the upper hand over women (Hartman, 1999). In Isbens A Doll House, Nils Krogstad had the upper hand over Nora. He committed a crime in order to support his family. When his Job was at stake, he blackmailed Nora. He was cruel to Nora by tormenting her. It seemed as he had little regard for her as most men did for women in the nineteenth century. However, he was blackmailing Nora to secure a Job so that he could provide for his family. As mentioned before, men were the provider and Krogstad wanted to be Just that. In conclusion, Henrik Isbens A Doll House conveys the role of men and women during the nineteenth century. Women often faced subordination, condemnation, sacrifice, and inequality from society (Hartman, 1999). Mrs. Linde Job often left her feeling empty inside because the Job for women were not so challenging. Nora sacrificed herself to save her husband while Mrs. Linde sacrificed love to support her family. Torvald and Krogstad both condemn Nora for the crime of forgery. Torvald often described Nora using the term little and would never declare her his equal (Isben, 1879). Reference Page Barksdale, M. (2012). How are men and womens roles in society changing. Discovery. Retrieved from http://curiosity. discovery. com/question/gender-roles-society- changing. Hartman, D. (1999). Womens roles in the late 19th century. Lives of women. Retrieved from connerprairie. org/Learn-And-Do/Indiana-History/ America- 1860-1900/Lives-Of-Women . aspx. Ibsen, H ember) A Dolls House. trom nttp:/ dolls-house-text. lenotes. com/

Social problems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social problems - Essay Example In entirety, the role of United States has been of a disruptive one, where peace and sovereignty for the sake of individual nations has been at the backburner of many a conversation. Under conditions of absolute anarchy and war, United States has the right to intervene but then again solely on humanitarian grounds more than anything else. On the flip side, other countries similarly have no role to play whatsoever within the United States’ economic and political interests. They need to keep away from the same because it is the United States’ sovereignty that they are entering into, and hence it is in their best interests to do what is morally right and what shall reap reward in the end (Nye Jr. 2003). The justification for discussing the internal domains of United States is not present because United States is a sovereign nation and does not appreciate other nations to come and discuss about its political and economic realms. One can enter into the United States’ regimes if there is a natural catastrophe which has hit the nation and when people are unable to succumb to some form of pressures or problems, which has come up in a random manner. Even though the United States is the superpower nation of the world, the roles of different countries are significant in entirety.

Solve a contemporary social and criminal justice issue Thesis

Solve a contemporary social and criminal justice issue - Thesis Example While this system has been designed to facilitate a more peaceful and non-violent society, there are challenges with criminal justice in providing rehabilitation for criminal offenders sustaining mental illness problems. There have been dramatic increases in the prevalence of mental illness among the prison population in the United States. In 1996, 25 percent of all individuals incarcerated in jails reported that they had sought treatment for a mental illness condition at some point in their lives, representative of approximately 127,000 jail inmates throughout the nation (Whitehead, Jones and Braswell, 2003). In the 1970s, there was a push to deinstitutionalize the mentally ill within psychiatric hospitals and, instead, to provide the mentally ill with community treatment programs. It was determined during this time period in history that such treatment programs would provide a superior public safety outcome, allow jails to operate more efficiently by removing challenges of rehabilitating mentally ill criminal offenders, and provide the mentally ill with more productive treatment methods that jails are unable to provide (Whitehead, et al.). However, this approach at deinstitutionalizing the mentally ill has not been effective. In 2002, it is estimated that a substantial 64 percent of all jailed inmates in the country suffered from a mental health issue (Whitehead, et al.). Community mental health services are designed to provide encouragement and treatment for people suffering from an array of mental disorders in a domiciliary environment rather than in psychiatric clinics. Such community mental health systems provide appropriate outpatient psychiatric services in an age where social perspectives on mental illness have transformed care from intensive psychotherapy to treatment ideology where the mentally ill have a positive place to live with encouraging social environments that

Coaching Leadership Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Coaching Leadership Development - Essay Example It may be an informal or a formal process, an informal being one in which a person with greater experience guides the one with lesser experience. Statistics in UK show that 90% companies use coaching and 51% of them consider it to be necessary and crucial for the leadership development process. These skills are often developed and adopted by managers who would influence the organization. (Wooden & Jamison, 2005) A new era brings about rapid changes in the market place and thus organizations and therefore leadership skills have acquired greater importance in the dynamic workplace. Those who employ coaching as a leadership have a greater understanding of themselves usually, since it not only allows them to grow in terms of leading the organization but also to understand their own personality and areas of strengths and weaknesses and work on themselves. (Smith, 1999) Executive coaching is one of the components of coaching that seems to be effective and a good investment of time and mone y. Competencies that are developed prove to be long term and effective and further inferences can easily be deduced as to what needs to be done to further enhance the competencies. (Dessler, 2012) Also organizations are engaging in downsizing and they have a flatter structure than before since the world is moving to a place where hierarchical structures are considered less effective and lesser manpower is required in organizations. Therefore even though it has its benefits, however, senior managers would be removed more easily and growth opportunities are better but if new managers cannot fill in the shoes of the previous managers and lack the leadership qualities then the entire organization will show a downward trend. Coaching can help build these abilities. (Warrenfeltz,... This paper approves that there are certain alternative approaches such as leadership action teams. This requires being put in situations with teams to perform in situations which are above their current capability and one person is the leader who will guide the team to success or failure and basically guide the team through the entire situation. This is a new method that has achieved a lot of success because the workplace is dynamic and situations keep changing and leaders always have to be ready. There may not necessarily be time to coach them to reaching their goals, and so learning by doing or action learning is useful in situations where the organization is pressed for time and money and the managers have a great deal of workload already. This essay makes a conclusion that a last leadership development tool that is important is the multi-rater feedback method or a 360 degree feedback method. Feedback is always an effective tool for improvement, since you are always guided and critiqued as to where you are going wrong and where you are going right, and you can go in that direction accordingly. However, feedback from different sources is even more effective as you get an overall perspective of your standing, not just from your mentor, or your coach, or your employees, but from all of the aforementioned. This helps to improve performance. However, this feedback needs to be continuous if it is to be effective. Also, one can never be sure if they encompass the entire organization’s perspective in their 360 degree appraisal and one which is free from bias because everyone has a different way of looking at things and not necessarily the correct one.

Asian American Women in Sports Essay Example for Free

Asian American Women in Sports Essay Asian American women in professional sports has always been a struggle in the media. Asian American males has somewhat made a slight appearance of success in sports media but not so much for women. There are some famous Asian athletes out there such as Yao Ming, Jeremy Lin, and Michael Chang who have made a name for themselves. It seems that it is hard already for Asian Americans to strive in professional sports, but it is even harder for Asian American women to strive because they are simply women. The media has portrayed mens sports to be more interesting to watch and has created most of the attention towards them. Few people are interest in watching women sports which makes it harder for Asian American women to be noticed in sports. Asian American women are also brought up with the mindset that they have a slim chance in making it in professional sports because of how the media portrays them which is why there are so little of them that wants to strive in sports. Before writing this essay, I searched online for articles, statistics, and facts about this topic. I realized that there were very limited information out there regarding this issue. I also got the idea that not only are Asian American woman not being in professional sports is a problem, but the bigger problem is that people just dont care about this issue. I noticed that Wikipedia has only 82 pages of 82 different API women who has competed in professional sports. This is not a staggering number for 82 women in all of US history is only a drop in the ocean. I figured out that the majority of these sports are not contact sports such as golf, tennis, skating, and gymnastics. I believe that if anyone puts their mind to something, they can achieve whatever they want. I feel like Asian American women just limit their minds to what sports they will play and are capable of playing. Its not that they arent physically capable to play the game, but they are mentally incapable. In the 2008 Olympics, China womens basketball team placed 4th overall. which is one shy from a medal as well as beating 7 other non Asian countries. So physically, Asian woman can compete in sports. Americans have just created the stereotype that Asian women have smaller builds that make them disadvantages in the more physical sports. This is why Asian American women automatically choose to focus on non physical but finesse sports. Needless to say, there are actually some very successful API women athletes that has made an appearance in the media. The was actually one Asian women from China who made it into the WNBA. She was the first and Before Yao Ming, or before any Asian that have appeared in professional basketball, there was Zheng Haixia. She was the first Chinese player to ever play pro basketball stateside. The only reason she was as popular as Yao Ming, or Jeremy Lin was simply because Haixia is a woman. The 6-8, 250lb center from China is arguably the undisputed best woman player to come out of China. Due to her tremendous size, Haixia was always slow of foot, but the great equalizer was her all around efficiency around the basket. Zheng always got her points with slow and steady efficiency as she was named the MVP of the 1994 Womens World Championships. She averaged 26.4 points, 13.1 rebounds on an astounding 83.5% from the field. In 1997, during the inaugural WNBA season, Zheng led the league in field goal% with 61.8% as Isabelle Fijalkowski was a distant second with 50.8%. During that same season, she scored a season-high, spark-high of 28 points on June 27 against Sacramento and also had 10 rebounds and 3 blocks. She set a Sparks individual scoring record later tied by Lisa Leslie in the same season and since surpassed several times over. She is probably one of the most successful and talented API women who ever played in a contact sport. Another very well known athlete is Kristi Yamaguchi who skated her way to a gold medal at the 1992 Olympic Games in Albertville. She also went on to be one of the most beloved ice skaters in America despite being an Asian American women. Yamaguchi was born with a foot condition and started skating to strengthen her feet and ankles. She followed with individual victories at the 1991 and 1992 World Figure Skating Championships and the 1992 U.S. Nationals. Winning the 1992 Olympic gold-medal performance made her the first Asian American woman to win a gold medal in any sport. The thing about the skating world is that someone can win in a competition but still may not have as many endorsement because they are Asian. This just shows that no matter how talented you are, people are still going to judge their favorites based on what they are used to seeing and what kind of people they like. This puts API women in a bad spot because Most people in America are accustomed to only seeing Caucasians or African Americans as their surrounding athletes. This is a big reason why Asian American women are portrayed as a disadvantage in professional sports.

The Merits And Demerits Of Each Philosophy Education Essay

The Merits And Demerits Of Each Philosophy Education Essay Introduction: This essay will discuss two research philosophies. It starts by giving a brief account of each. Followed by a discussion on the preferred philosophy which will be adopted for the research project, i.e. social constructivism alongside post positivism In this discussion the merits and demerits of each philosophy, are given along side the research strategies associated with each as well as the rationale for adapting social constructivism. Here, a brief history of each outlines philosophy: Post positivism arose out of dissatisfaction with some aspects of the positivist stance. Whereas positivists accept an objective, apprehendable reality, post positivists acknowledge an objective reality that is only imperfectly apprehendable (Lincoln Guba, 2000). This position holds that human intellectual mechanisms are flawed and that lifes phenomena are basically intractable, and therefore, one can never fully capture a true reality. A key distinction between the positivist and post positivist views is that the former stresses theory verification and the latter theory falsification (Lincoln Guba, 2000, p. 107). Despite some important differences between the positivist and post positivist paradigms, the two perspectives share much in common (Lincoln Guba, 2000; Ponterotto, 2002). A goal for both is an explanation that leads to prediction and control of phenomena. Both perspectives emphasize cause- effect linkages of phenomena that can be studied, identified, and generalized, and both paradigms proffer an objective, detached researcher role. Furthermore, both paradigms operate from both a nomothetic and etic perspective. Positivism and post positivism serve as the primary foundation and anchor for quantitative research. Whereas, constructivists hold that reality is constructed in the mind of the individual, rather than it being an externally singular entity (Hansen, 2004). The constructivist position espouses a hermeneutical approach, which maintains that meaning is hidden and must be brought to the surface through deep reflection (see Schwandt, 2000; Sciarra, 1999). This reflection can be stimulated by the interactive researcher-participant dialogue. Thus a distinguishing characteristic of constructivism is the centrality of the interaction between the investigator and the object of investigation. Only through this interaction can deeper meaning be uncovered. Qualitative research and the seeds of constructivism-interpretivism can be traced back to Kants (1881/ 1966) Critique of Pure Reason. According to Hamilton (1994, p. 63), Kants position was that human perception derives not only from evidence of the senses but also from the mental apparatus that serves to organize the incoming sense impressions and that human claims about nature cannot be independent of inside-the-head processes of the knowing subject. Another significant figure in the development of constructivism was Dilthey (1894/1977). Proponents of constructivism-interpretivism emphasize the goal of understanding the lived experiences (Erlebnis) from the point of view of those who live it day to day (Schwandt, 1994, 2000). Dilthey believed that every lived experience occurs within a historical social reality. He further believed that these lived experiences may be outside the immediate awareness of the individual but could be brought to consciousness. Understandably, the constructivist-interpretivist paradigm provides the primary foundation and anchor for qualitative research methods. Linking it to the philosophy of constructivism-interpretive and the research on leadership styles prevailing in Risxcel. My research project will adopt constructivism-interpretivism instead of post positivism. The ensuing discussion explains why: The methodology to be used for the research will be influenced by social constructivism which is often in combination with interpretivism (Mertens 1998, Bryman 2008) because its underpinnings are appropriate to act in response to the leadership in Risxcel. Social Constructivist-interpretist holds the hypothesis that folks seek an understanding of the world in which they work and inhibit, Creswell (2009). In this area, folks build up subjective meanings of their experiences meanings focussed toward some objects or things on leadershipà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The aim of research is to extract participants views of the leadership styles prevailing in Risxcel. Such views will be extracted from CEO, managers and staff as the researcher visits the context and seek an understanding of leadership styles prevailing at Risxcel, however such an understanding can only be made possible by seeking the views and perceived experiences of those working on leadership positions at the college. From this point of view, this research will require an understanding community, i.e. Risxcel staffs subjective meanings of leadership. Adopting Constructivism enables participants to give their subjective experiences which are socially and culturally constructed. It is anticipated that by applying social constructivism to this research, if the context will form the explanation of data. By applying Social Constructivism, the project therefore positions the acknowledgement of how the interpretation of data flows from historical experiences, personal and cultural (Creswell 2009). As Crotty (1998) notes, meanings are generated by human beings as they engage with the world they are interpreting. In this case, it is anticipated that being informed and directed of the post positivist paradigm would have make the study somewhat people -less (Kitchin 2006: 6) as it ignores their views and beliefs within a study population otherwise highly charged with these, given the subject of leadership. Against this bac kground, the research project adheres to the supposition by social constructivists that the generation of meaning is always social, arising in and out of interaction with a human community (Crotty 1998 in Creswell 2009: 9). Qualitative research strategies, i.e. individual in depth views and focus groups, will therefore utilized in this research as they allow the researcher to extract participants views, experiences, beliefs on the subject of leadership This being the case, quantitative research strategies, which are informed of post positivism would inappropriate as will be further discussed below. Given that the research project will be using qualitative research strategies, a definition may be crucial at this point. Qualitative research is a positioned activity that locates the observer in the world. It consists of a set of material practices, interpretive that makes the world noticeable. These practices à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ turn the world into a series of representations including photographs, field notes, and interviews, to the self. At this level, qualitative research involves a naturalistic, interpretive approach to the world. This explains that qualitative researchers study things in their natural settings, interpret phenomena and attempting to make sense in terms of the meanings people bring to them (Denzin and Lincoln, 2005: 3). In addition to the issues noted above post positivism and its research strategies would not be appropriate for the research project because post-positivist assumptions hold true more for quantitative research than qualitative research which is called sometimes the scientific method (Creswell 2009). As well, post-positivists hold deterministic philosophy in which causes determine effects or outcomes, which are the reflection to the need of identification and the assessment of the causes that influence outcomes such as found in experiments (Creswell 2009). Also, has the intent to reduce the ideas into small, which discrete a set of ideas to test, such as the variables that comprise hypotheses and research questions. The knowledge is based on careful observation and measurement of the objective reality that exist in the world. It becomes paramount for post-positivists the development of numeric measures of observations and the study of the behaviour for individuals (Creswell 2009). Challenges to Qualitative Research, while the project will utilise qualitative research as informed by social constructivism, its notable that it is by nature demanding and time consuming. There is need for dedication to field work, collecting the data, gaining rapport and when it comes to data analysis, one must sort out through large of data before reducing them to a few themes (Creswell 1998). After analysis, one must contend with writing a lengthy piece of work as evidence must substantiate claims and quotes from population study inherently increase the length of the study (Creswell 1998:17). It is also note worthy that social constructivism has been criticised fro being too dependent of participants views and experiences and also being too subjective to researcher interpretation (Lincoln and Denzin 1994). However to counter, this in the research project, reflexivity will be applied. This will involve seeking constant guidance from the supervision term when in doubt on how to int erpret findings. This will also be the strategy used for countering possible bias. In spite of the above acknowledged problems related with its utilization, the research project on leadership at Risxcel will utilise qualitative research due to the nature of the topic as well as my philosophical worldview position. In this instance, qualitative research will enable me to explore the Risxcels leadership styles within a given context in detail. And gleaned explanations on peoples views, behaviour, actions and beliefs as culturally, socially and historically informed. Indeed, the topic of the research project need to be explored in detail and as (Creswell, 1998) notes; qualitative research is the method suitable for research topics with no easily identified variables or explanations for behaviour and requiring explorations to be carried out. As Creswell (1998: 17) comments, one must select qualitative research over quantitative research when the topic needs to provide a detailed view because the wide -angel lens or the distant panoramic shot will not suffice to present answers to the problem , or the close up view does not exist. In conclusion, this essay has discussed two philosophies, i.e. social constructivism and post-positivism. It has also presented the philosophy which will be applied to the research project on leadership at Risxcel and given a rationale for its selection. In this selection process, the merits and demerits of each philosophy have been discussed, alongside the research strategies associated with each. While social constructivism clearly has its challenges, it was deemed more appropriate for the research project.